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ATATURK,
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURRK
" There
are two Mustafa Kemals. One is the flesh-and-bone Mustafa Kemal who
now stands before you and who will pass away. The other is you, all
of you here who will go to the far corners of our land to spread the
ideals which must be defended with your lives if necessary. I stand
for the nation's dreams, and my life's work is to make them come
true."
Atatürk stands as one of the world's few historic figures who
dedicated their lives totally to their nations.
He was born in 1881 (probably in the Spring) in Selanik, then an
Ottoman city, now in Greece. His father, Ali Riza, a customs
official turned timber merchant, died when Mustafa was still a boy.
His mother, Zubeyde, a devout and strong-willed woman,
raised him and his sister. First enrolled in a traditional
religious school, he soon switched to a modern school. In 1893, he
entered a military high school where his mathematics teacher gave
him the second name Kemal (meaning "perfection") in recognition of
young Mustafa's superior achievement. He was thereafter known as
Mustafa Kemal.
In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the Military Academy in
Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain. Posted in Damascus, he
started, with several colleagues, a clandestine society called "Homeland
and Freedom" to fight against the Sultan's despotism. Mustafa
Kemal's career flourished as he won fame and promotions because of
his heroism in the farflung corners of the Ottoman Empire, including
Albania and Tripoli. He also briefly served as a staff officer in
Selanik and Istanbul and as a military attache in Sofia.
When the Dardanelles campaign was launched in 1915, Colonel
Mustafa Kemal became a national hero by winning successive vistories
and finally repelling the invaders. Promoted to general in 1916, at
age 35, he liberated two major provinces in eastern Antalia that
year. In the next two years, he served as commander of several
Ottoman armies in Palestine and Aleppo, achieving anotherr major
victory by stopping the enemy advance at Aleppo.
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